With the aim of making micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) even more powerful in the future, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT) in Aachen have developed a ...

Understanding lithium crystallization is vital for battery development. This article reviews techniques ensuring high purity and efficient production processes.

Waters supersaturated with sparingly soluble salts are encountered in RO/NF (reverse osmosis/nanofiltration) membrane-based water treatment processes, cooling water discharge, and produced water from ...