Download this article in PDF format. The RF PIN diode as we know it today was invented by J. Nishizawa in 1950. Now, almost 70 years later, a new PIN diode concept—shielded-anode PIN diode (SAPIN)—has ...

The project describes the operation of a cheap keychain lasers that are being sold in low price. In theory, most common laser heads contains two semiconductors inside which includes a laser diode (LD) ...